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ABSTRACT Introduction: Basketball presents unique competitive characteristics, requiring athletes a high level of strength, especially explosive strength. Objective: Study the effect of combined training on the explosive power of lower limbs in basketball players. Methods: The author selected 18 basketball players, equally distributed with the random method into a unipodal combined training group (S group), a two-legged combined training group (D group), and a conventional strength training group (W group), for the three-test data. Statistical analysis was performed on the data collected from the experiment. Results: There was a significant difference in approach height and three-quarter sprint in group S (p<0.05). The difference was not evident in the height of touch in situ (p>0.05). In group D, there was a significant difference in situ touch height p<0.01. There was no significant difference in the results of the three test indicators in group W (p>0.05). Conclusion: Compared to conventional strength training, unipodal combined training is more effective for the development of explosive strength in the lower limbs of basketball students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: O basquetebol tem suas características competitivas singulares, exigindo que os atletas tenham um alto nível de força, sobretudo a força explosiva. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento combinado sobre o poder explosivo dos membros inferiores em jogadores de basquetebol. Métodos: O autor selecionou 18 jogadores de basquetebol, distribuídos igualmente com o método aleatório em grupo de treinamento combinado unipodal (grupo S), grupo de treinamento combinado de duas pernas (grupo D) e grupo de treinamento convencional de força (grupo W), para os três dados de teste. Foi realizada uma análise estatística com os dados coletados do experimento. Resultados: Houve uma diferença significativa na altura de aproximação e no sprint de três quartos no grupo S (p<0,05). Na altura de toque in situ (p>0,05), a diferença não foi evidenciada. No grupo D, houve uma diferença significativa entre a altura de toque in situ p<0,01. Não houve diferença significativa nos resultados dos três indicadores de teste no grupo W (p>0,05). Conclusão: Comparativamente ao treinamento convencional de força, o treinamento combinado unipodal é mais eficaz para o desenvolvimento de força explosiva nos membros inferiores dos estudantes de basquetebol. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: El baloncesto tiene unas características competitivas únicas, que exigen que los deportistas tengan un alto nivel de fuerza, especialmente la fuerza explosiva. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento combinado sobre la potencia explosiva de los miembros inferiores en jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos: El autor seleccionó a 18 jugadores de baloncesto, distribuidos equitativamente con el método aleatorio en grupo de entrenamiento combinado unipodal (grupo S), grupo de entrenamiento combinado bipodal (grupo D) y grupo de entrenamiento de fuerza convencional (grupo W), para los tres datos de la prueba. Se realizó un análisis estadístico con los datos recogidos en el experimento. Resultados: Hubo una diferencia significativa en la altura de aproximación y en el sprint de tres cuartos en el grupo S (p<0,05). En la altura de toque in situ (p>0,05), no se evidenció la diferencia. En el grupo D, hubo una diferencia significativa entre la altura del tacto in situ p<0,01. No hubo diferencias significativas en los resultados de los tres indicadores de prueba en el grupo W (p>0,05). Conclusión: En comparación con el entrenamiento de fuerza convencional, el entrenamiento combinado unipodal es más eficaz para el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva en las extremidades inferiores de los estudiantes de baloncesto. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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BACKGROUND: The internal NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA) gene family was a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) gene family, mainly involved in the non-phosphorylated respiratory pathways in mitochondria and played crucial roles in response to abiotic stress. METHODS: The whole genome identification, structure analysis and expression pattern of NDA gene family were conducted to analyze the NDA gene family. RESULTS: There were 51, 52, 26, and 24 NDA genes identified in G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively. According to the structural characteristics of genes and traits of phylogenetic tree, we divided the NDA gene family into 8 clades. Gene structure analysis showed that the NDA gene family was relatively conservative. The four Gossypium species had good collinearity, and segmental duplication played an important role in the evolution of the NDA gene family. Analysis of cis-elements showed that most GhNDA genes contained cis-elements related to light response and plant hormones (ABA, MeJA and GA). The analysis of the expression patterns of GhNDA genes under different alkaline stress showed that GhNDA genes were actively involved in the response to alkaline stress, possibly through different molecular mechanisms. By analyzing the existing RNA-Seq data after alkaline stress, it was found that an NDA family gene GhNDA32 was expressed, and then theGhNDA32 was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). By observing the phenotype, we found that the wilting degree of silenced plants was much higher than that of the control plant after alkaline treatment, suggesting that GhNDA32 gene was involved in the response to alkaline stress. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, GhNDAs participated in response to alkaline stress, especially NaHCO3 stress. It was of great significance for the future research on the molecular mechanism of NDA gene family in responding to abiotic stresses.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Gossypium/genetics , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Stress, Physiological/genetics , Molecular Structure , Multigene Family/genetics , Genome, PlantABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cytokinin signal transduction is mediated by a two-component system (TCS). Two-component systems are utilized in plant responses to hormones as well as to biotic and abiotic environmental stimuli. In plants, response regulatory genes (RRs) are one of the main members of the two-component system (TCS). METHOD: From the aspects of gene structure, evolution mode, expression type, regulatory network and gene function, the evolution process and role of RR genes in the evolution of the cotton genome were analyzed. RESULT: A total of 284 RR genes in four cotton species were identified. Including 1049 orthologous/paralogous gene pairs were identified, most of which were whole genome duplication (WGD). The RR genes promoter elements contain phytohormone responses and abiotic or biotic stress-related cis-elements. Expression analysis showed that RR genes family may be negatively regulate and involved in salt stress and drought stress in plants. Protein regulatory network analysis showed that RR family proteins are involved in regulating the DNA-binding transcription factor activity (COG5641) pathway and HP kinase pathways. VIGS analysis showed that the GhRR7 gene may be in the same regulatory pathway as GhAHP5 and GhPHYB, ultimately negatively regulating cotton drought stress by regulating POD, SOD, CAT, H2O2 and other reactive oxygen removal systems. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to gain insight into RR gene members in cotton. Our research lays the foundation for discovering the genes related to drought and salt tolerance and creating new cotton germplasm materials for drought and salt tolerance.
Subject(s)
Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics , Phylogeny , Stress, Physiological/genetics , Genes, Regulator , Gossypium/genetics , Droughts , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Melatonin 2-hydroxylase (M2H) is the first enzyme in the catabolism pathway of melatonin, which catalyzes the production of 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHM) from melatonin. The content of 2-hydroxymelatonin in plants is much higher than that of melatonin. So M2H may be a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of melatonin. METHOD: We conducted a systematic analysis of the M2H gene family in Gossypium hirsutum based on the whole genome sequence by integrating the structural characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, expression profile, and biological stress of the members of the Gossypium hirsutum M2H gene family. RESULT: We identified 265 M2H genes in the whole genome of Gossypium hirsutum, which were divided into 7 clades (clades I-VII) according to phylogenetic analysis. Most M2H members in each group had similar motif composition and gene structure characteristics. More than half of GhM2H members contain ABA-responsive elements and MeJA-responsive elements. Under different stress conditions, the expression levels of the gene changed, indicating that GhM2H members were involved in the regulation of abiotic stress. Some genes in the GhM2H family were involved in regulating melatonin levels in cotton under salt stress, and some genes were regulated by exogenous melatonin. CONCLUSION: This study is helpful to explore the function of GhM2H, the downstream metabolism gene of melatonin in cotton, and lay the foundation for better exploring the molecular mechanism of melatonin improving cotton's response to abiotic stress.
Subject(s)
Gossypium/genetics , Melatonin , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Multigene Family , Gene Expression Regulation, PlantABSTRACT
Molecular target anticancer drugs are commonly used in various forms of cancers. It is a concern that the risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) and fatal adverse events (FAEs) of molecular target drugs are increasing. An up-to-date meta-analysis of all Phase II/III/IV randomized trials of molecular target anticancer drugs was conducted to calculate the increased risk of SAEs and FAEs. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to April 6, 2017, was conducted. The study enrolled Phase II/III/IV randomized trials of cancer that compared molecular target drugs alone versus placebo or performed single-arm analysis of molecular target drugs. Data on SAEs and FAEs were extracted from the included studies and pooled to compute risk ratio (RR), the overall incidence, and 95% confidence interval (CI). In this meta-analysis, a total of 19,965 and 26,642 patients in randomized 53 and 65 Phase II/II/IV trials were included in the analysis of SAEs and FAEs associated with molecular target anticancer drug, respectively. There were significant differences in the relationship of molecular target anticancer drugs with SAEs (RR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.35–1.82, P < 0.01, I2 = 81%) and FAEs (RR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.19–1.91, P < 0.01, I2 = 0%) compared to placebo. The overall incidence of SAEs and FAEs was 0.269 (95% CI = 0.262–0.276, P < 0.01) and 0.023 (95% CI = 0.020–0.025, P < 0.01), respectively. Molecular target anticancer drugs significantly increased the risk of SAEs and FAEs. For patients taking molecular target drugs, efforts are needed to prevent the occurrence of SAEs and FAEs
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@# Objective: To investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of betulinic acid (BEA) on sensitizing pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1 and Miapaca-2 to gefitinib. Methods: After the cell culture was completed, Panc-1 and Miapaca-2 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (without treatment), BEAgroup, gefitinib group and BEAcombined with gefitinib group, respectively.The sensitization effect of BEAon gefitinib-insensitive pancreatic cancer cells was detected by MTS assay. The treatment effects of combined treatment of gefitinib and BEA against Panc-1 and Miapaca-2 cells were evaluated by colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was used to examine the effect of BEAon apoptosis of Panc-1 cells while WB was applied to determine the effect of BEAonapoptosis-related proteins. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiment was used to detect the direct combination between signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) and BEA; Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation experiments were adopted topredict the combining mode between STAT3 and BEA. Results: BEA synergistically enhanced the gefitinib-sensitivity of pancreatic cancer Panc-1 and Miapaca-2 cells (P<0.05), and IC50 of gefitinib on two cells were reduced by over 50%. Compared with single treatment, the combined treatment of BEA and gefitinib promoted the apoptosis and up-regulated the expressions of apoptosis-relatedproteins (cleaved-PARP and Bax), but reduced the apoptosis-inhibitory protein Bcl-2 (all P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of BEA on STAT3 activation in Panc-1 cells was in a dose-dependent mannar (P<0.01). BEA stabilizes its binding to STAT3 by forming hydrogen bonds with Lys-591 and Ser-613 of STAT3; in the meanwhile, BEA stabilized inthebinding site of STAT3, there by blocking STAT3 dimerization to enhance the drug sensitivity. Conclusion: Combined use of BEA and gefitinib could significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of Panc-1 and Miapaca-2 cells, which might be mediated by the inhibition of BEA on STST3.
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@#侵袭与转移是影响恶性肿瘤患者预后最重要的因素之一，也一直是预测肿瘤预后和改善患者生存的热点与难点。上 皮钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）低表达是恶性肿瘤最常见的表型之一，在多种肿瘤的侵袭、转移中发挥重要作用。上调上皮钙黏蛋白表 达可以降低恶性肿瘤的侵袭与转移能力，甚至改善肿瘤患者的预后，为肿瘤患者的治疗提供有效措施。近年来， 以RNA诱导的 基因激活（RNAa）为代表的基因调控技术的发展为肿瘤精准治疗提供更多可能，为特异、有效地上调上皮钙黏蛋白表达提供新的 途径。本文就上皮钙黏蛋白与RNAa技术近年来的研究进展及小激活RNA（saRNA）上调上皮钙黏蛋白表达的分子机制与生物 学意义作一综述。
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical effects of different restoration methods on large area defect of deciduous molars. @*Methods @#A total of 150 deciduous molars were selected and randomly divided into three groups: A, B and C. Group A was repaired with glass ionomer and compound resin, B group was repaired by Hall technique, and C group was repaired with metal preformed crown. The successful rate of restoration in 6 and 12 months was compared between the three groups. @*Results @#There was no significant difference between three groups in A, B and C (P > 0.05) in 6 months; the successful rate of 12 months repair in group B and C was significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion @#The success rate of Hall technique and metal performed crown is higher than that of glass ionomer and composite resin on the repair of large defects of deciduous molars.
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Objective @# To investigate the clinical effects of different restoration methods on large area defect of deciduous molars. @*Methods @#A total of 150 deciduous molars were selected and randomly divided into three groups: A, B and C. Group A was repaired with glass ionomer and compound resin, B group was repaired by Hall technique, and C group was repaired with metal preformed crown. The successful rate of restoration in 6 and 12 months was compared between the three groups.@*Results@#There was no significant difference between three groups in A, B and C (P > 0.05) in 6 months; the successful rate of 12 months repair in group B and C was significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.05). @*Conclusion @#The success rate of Hall technique and metal performed crown is higher than that of glass ionomer and composite resin on the repair of large defects of deciduous molars.
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This study examined the mRNA expression of NALP3 in the spleen of the mice with hypersplenism due to portal hypertension(PH).The mouse hypersplenism models were established by oral administration of tetrachloromethane(2 mL/kg/week for 12 weeks by oral gavage).All the mice were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group.The blood routine test was conducted,spleen index was calculated and spleen was histologically examined.Portal vein sera were taken for detection of the level of uric acid.The mRNA expressions of NALP3 and IL-1β in the spleen were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The results showed that the platelet count was significantly lower in the experimental group[(674±102)× 109/L]than in the control group[(1307± 181)× 109/L](P<0.05),while the spleen index was significantly higher[(9.83±1.36)μg/g]in the experimental group than in the control group[(4.11±0.47)μg/g](P<0.05).The histopathological changes of spleen followed the pattern of congestive splenomegaly.No significant difference was found in the uric acid level in the portal vein between the control group and the experiment group.The mRNA expressions of NALP3 and IL-1β were up-regulated significantly in the spleen in the experimental group as compared with those in the control group(P<0.05).It was concluded that NALP3 and IL-1β may play important roles in the pathogenesis of hypersplenism.